To complete this assignment, review the prompt and grading rubric in the Module Two Case Study Activity Guidelines and Rubric.?You will also need to access t

CIA Triad and Fundamental Security Design Principles

The terms listed below are essential in the field of cybersecurity and will be a topic of conversation and application throughout the program. It is therefore important for you to familiarize yourself with these terms and their definitions. Note that the CIA triad is sometimes referred to as the tenets of cybersecurity. The Fundamental Security Design Principles are sometimes called fundamental design principles, cybersecurity first principles, the cornerstone of cybersecurity, and so on.

CIA Triad

Information that is secure satisfies three main tenets, or properties, of information. If you can ensure these three tenets, you satisfy the requirements of secure information (Kim & Solomon, 2013).

 Confidentiality Only authorized users can view information (Kim & Solomon, 2013).

 Integrity Only authorized users can change information (Kim & Solomon, 2013).

 Availability Information is accessible by authorized users whenever they request the information (Kim & Solomon, 2013).

Fundamental Security Design Principles

These principles offer a balance between aspirational (and therefore unobtainable) “perfect security,” and the pragmatic need to get things done. Although each of the principles can powerfully affect security, the principles have their full effect only when used in concert and throughout an organization. These principles are a powerful mental tool for approaching security: one that doesn’t age out of usefulness or apply only to a few specific technologies and contexts; one that can be used for architecture, postmortem analysis, operations, and communication. The principles are ultimately only one piece in the security practitioner’s toolkit, but they are a flexible piece that will serve different roles for different people (Sons, Russell, & Jackson, 2017).

 Abstraction Removal of clutter. Only the needed information is provided for an object-oriented mentality. This is a way to allow adversaries to see only a minimal amount of information while securing other aspects of the model (Tjaden, 2015).

 Complete Mediation All accesses to objects should be checked to ensure that they are allowed (Bishop, 2003).

 Encapsulation The ability to only use a resource as it was designed to be used. This may mean that a piece of equipment is not being used maliciously or in a way that could be detrimental to the overall system (Tjaden, 2015).

 Fail-Safe Defaults / Fail Secure The theory that unless a subject is given explicit access to an object, it should be denied access to that object (Bishop, 2003).

 Information Hiding Users having an interface to interact with the system behind the scenes. The user should not be worried about the nuts and bolts behind the scenes, only the modes of access presented to them. This topic is also integrated with object-oriented programming (Tjaden, 2015).

 Isolation Individual processes or tasks running in their own space. This ensures that the processes will have enough resources to run and will not interfere with other processes running (Tjaden, 2015).

 Layering Having multiple forms of security. This can be from hardware or software, but it involves a series of checks and balances to make sure the entire system is secured from multiple perspectives (Tjaden, 2015).

 Least Astonishment (Psychological Acceptability) Security mechanisms should not make the resource more difficult to access than when security mechanisms were not present (Bishop, 2003).

 Least Privilege The assurance that an entity only has the minimal amount of privileges to perform their duties. There is no extension of privileges to senior people just because they are senior; if they don’t need the permissions to perform their normal everyday tasks, then they don’t receive higher privileges (Tjaden, 2015).

 Minimization of Implementation (Least Common Mechanism) Mechanisms used to access resources should not be shared (Bishop, 2003).

 Minimize Trust Surface (Reluctance to Trust) The ability to reduce the degree to which the user or a component depends on the reliability of another component (Bishop, 2003).

 Modularity The breaking down of larger tasks into smaller, more manageable tasks. This smaller task may be reused, and therefore the process can be repurposed time and time again (Tjaden, 2015).

 Open Design The security of a mechanism should not depend on the secrecy of its design or implementation (Bishop, 2003).

 Separation (of Domains) The division of power within a system. No one part of a system should have complete control over another part. There should always be a system of checks and balances that leverage the ability for parts of the system to work together (Tjaden, 2015).

 Simplicity (of Design) The straightforward layout of the product. The ability to reduce the learning curve when analyzing and understanding the hardware or software involved in the information system (Tjaden, 2015).

 Trust Relationships A logical connection that is established between directory domains so that the rights and privileges of users and devices in one domain are shared with the other (PC Magazine, 2018).

 Usability How easy hardware or software is to operate, especially for the first-time user. Considering how difficult applications and websites can be to navigate through, one would wish that all designers took usability into greater consideration than they do (PC Magazine, 2018).

References

Bishop, M. (2003). Computer security: Art and science. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley Professional. Kim, D., & Solomon, M. G. (2013). Fundamentals of information systems security (2nd ed.). Burlington,

MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. PC Magazine. (2018). Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia Sons, S., Russell, S., & Jackson, C. (2017). Security from first principles. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,

Inc. Tjaden, B. C. (2015). Appendix 1: Cybersecurity first principles. Retrieved from

https://users.cs.jmu.edu/tjadenbc/Bootcamp/0-GenCyber-First-Principles.pdf

CYB 200 Module Two Case Study Template After reviewing the scenario in the Module Two Case Study Activity Guidelines and Rubric document, fill in the table below by completing the following steps for each control recommendation:

1. Specify which Fundamental Security Design Principle best applies by marking all appropriate cells with an X. 2. Indicate which security objective (confidentiality, availability, or integrity) best reflects your selected control recommendation. 3. Explain your choices in one to two sentences, providing a selection-specific justification to support your decision.

Control Recommendations Least Privilege

Layering (Defense in

Depth)

Fail-Safe Defaults / Fail Secure

Modularity Usability Security Objective Alignment

(CIA)

Explain your Choices (1-2 sentences)

Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity. (Completed as an example)

X C I chose layering because it adds another layer of protection for the confidentiality of our data.

If possible, close and lock your office door when leaving your computer.

Use technology to make sure that only authorized software executes, and unauthorized software is blocked from executing on assets.

Use automated tools to inventory all administrative accounts to ensure that only authorized individuals have elevated privileges.

Use system configuration management tools to automatically

Control Recommendations Least Privilege

Layering (Defense in

Depth)

Fail-Safe Defaults / Fail Secure

Modularity Usability Security Objective Alignment

(CIA)

Explain your Choices (1-2 sentences)

reapply configuration settings to systems at regularly scheduled intervals.

Maintain an inventory of all sensitive information stored or transmitted by the organization's technology systems, including those located on site or at a remote location.

Use approved whole-disk encryption software to encrypt the hard drive of all mobile devices.

If USB storage devices are required, software should be used that can configure systems to allow the use of specific devices.

Configure systems not to write data to external removable media, if there is no business need for supporting such devices.

If USB storage devices are required, all data stored on such devices must be encrypted.

Protect all information stored on systems through the use of access control lists. These access control lists enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on

Control Recommendations Least Privilege

Layering (Defense in

Depth)

Fail-Safe Defaults / Fail Secure

Modularity Usability Security Objective Alignment

(CIA)

Explain your Choices (1-2 sentences)

approved business need.

Require multifactor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, whether managed on site or by a third-party provider.

After you have completed the table above, respond to the following short questions:

1. How might you work with someone like Dr. Beard to cultivate a security mind-set that is more in line with the organization’s ethical norms? Hint: Consider his attitude, his past behaviors, and his opinion about organizational policies.

2. How would you help the hospital better secure its patient files? Make sure to incorporate at least one data state (data-at-rest, data-in-use, or data-in- motion) and one of the control recommendations from your completed table in your response.